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Purpose
A 22-item self-report questionnaire that assesses patients’ history of self-harm behaviors.
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Area of Assessment
Mental HealthDepression
Negative Affect
Stress & Coping
A 22-item self-report questionnaire that assesses patients’ history of self-harm behaviors.
22
5 minutes
Adult
18 - 64
yearsOlder adult
+
yearsAllison C Johnson
Zhemeng Cui
Reina Yano
Participants involuntarily hospitalized in a psychiatric facility: (Sansone et. al, 1998; N = 32; 50% female; mean (SD) age = 36.2 (13.33) years)
Participants with Borderline Personality Disorder: (Sansone et. al, 2008; N = 120; 61% female; mean age (SD) = 38.69 (11.74) years; 81.5% White, 15.1% Black, 1.7% Native American, 0.8% Asian, 0.8% race not otherwise specified)
Participants involuntarily hospitalized in a psychiatric facility: (Sansone et. al, 1998; N = 32; 50% female; mean (SD) age = 36.2 (13.33) years)
Inpatient Psychiatric Sample: (Selbom et al. 2017, N = 145; 61% female; mean (SD) age = 38.06 (13.06) years; 73.6% White participants, 16% Black, 10.1% race not otherwise specified; 64.3% of participants reported at least one previous psychiatric hospitalization)
Inpatient Psychiatric Sample: (Selbom et al. 2017, N = 145; 61% female; mean (SD) age = 38.06 (13.06) years; 73.6% White participants, 16% Black, 10.1% race not otherwise specified; 64.3% of participants reported at least one previous psychiatric hospitalization)
Excellent internal consistency (Cronbach’s alpha = 0.84)
Concurrent validity:
Participants with Borderline Personality Disorder: (Sansone et. al, 2008; N = 120; 61% female; mean age (SD) = 38.69 (11.74) years; 81.5% White, 15.1% Black, 1.7% Native American, 0.8% Asian, 0.8% race not otherwise specified)
Participants involuntarily hospitalized in a psychiatric facility: (Sansone et. al, 1998; N = 32; 50% female; mean (SD) age = 36.2 (13.33) years)
Excellent correlation between SHI and PDQ-R scores (r = 0.71)
Convergent validity:
Inpatient Psychiatric Sample: (Selbom et al. 2017, N = 145; 61% female; mean (SD) age = 38.06 (13.06) years; 73.6% White participants, 16% Black, 10.1% race not otherwise specified; 64.3% of participants reported at least one previous psychiatric hospitalization)
Development Study: (Sansone et. al, 1998; N = 221; primary care setting; 28% consulted for obesity, 51% for eating disorders or substance abuse, 19% for other non-emergency concerns)
Development Study: (Sansone et. al, 1998; N = 221; primary care setting; 28% consulted for obesity, 51% for eating disorders or substance abuse, 19% for other non-emergency concerns)
Development Study: (Sansone et. al, 1998; N = 221; primary care setting; 28% consulted for obesity, 51% for eating disorders or substance abuse, 19% for other non-emergency concerns)
Concurrent validity:
Development Study: (Sansone et. al, 1998; N = 221; primary care setting; 28% consulted for obesity, 51% for eating disorders or substance abuse, 19% for other non-emergency concerns)
SHI Score |
BPD Diagnosis n (%) |
No BPD diagnosis n (%) |
0 |
0 (0) |
62 (36.9) |
1 |
1 (1.9) |
17 (10.1) |
2 |
1 (1.9) |
27 (16.1) |
3 |
2 (3.8) |
12 (7.1) |
4 |
2 (3.8) |
20 (11.9) |
5 |
5 (9.4) |
7 (4.2) |
6 |
1 (1.9) |
9 (5.4) |
7 |
4 (7.5) |
6 (3.6) |
8 |
1 (1.9) |
4 (2.4) |
9 |
7 (13.2) |
3 (1.8) |
10 or greater |
29 (54.7) |
1 (0.06) |
Total N |
53 (100) |
168 (100) |
Development Study: (Sansone et. al, 1998; N = 221; primary care setting; 28% consulted for obesity, 51% for eating disorders or substance abuse, 19% for other non-emergency concerns)
Non-clinical Population: (Latimer et al. 2009; N = 423; 81% female; 53% between 17-19 years, 27% between 20-30 years; Australian undergraduate students)
Non-Clinical Population: (Latimer et al. 2009; N = 423; 81% female; 53% between 17-19 years, 27% between 20-30 years; Australian undergraduate students)
General Population: (Müller et al., 2016; N = 2,507; 56% female; German participants)
General Population: (Müller et al., 2016; N = 2,507; 56% female; German participants)
Concurrent validity:
Non-Clinical Population: (Latimer et al. 2009; N = 423; 81% female; 53% between 17-19 years, 27% between 20-30 years; Australian undergraduate students)
General Population: (Müller et al., 2016; N = 2,507; 56% female; German participants)
Convergent validity:
Non-Clinical Population: (Latimer et al. 2009; N = 423; 81% female; 53% between 17-19 years, 27% between 20-30 years; Australian undergraduate students)
SHI scores |
Mean (SD) depression scores |
Mean (SD) anxiety scores |
Mean (SD) stress scores |
Low (1-4) |
9.53 (8.15) |
7.09 (6.53) |
11.67 (6.40) |
Medium (5-10) |
11.58 (8.60) |
11.41 (8.24) |
16.52 (9.22) |
High (11 or higher) |
17.00 (10.51) |
16.86 (11.39) |
23.29 (9.53) |
Meta-analysis: (Sansone et al., 2015)
Meta-analysis: (Sansone et al., 2015)
Meta-analysis: (Sansone et al., 2015)
Latimer, S; Covic, T; Cumming, Sr; Tennant, A. (2009). Psychometric analysis of the Self-Harm Inventory using Rasch modelling. BMC Psychiatry, 2009 Aug 19, Vol.9 DOI: 10.1186/1471-244X-9-53
Latimer, S., Meade, T., & Tennant, A. (2013). Measuring engagement in deliberate self-harm behaviours: Psychometric evaluation of six scales. BMC Psychiatry, 13(1). doi:10.1186/1471-244x-13-4
Müller, A., Claes, L., Smits, D., Brähler, E., & De Zwaan, M. (2016). Prevalence and Correlates of Self-Harm in the German General Population. PLOS ONE, 11(6). doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0157928
Sansone, R. A., McLean, J. S., & Wiederman, M. W. (2008). The relationship between medically self-sabotaging behaviors and borderline personality disorder among psychiatric inpatients. Primary Care Companion to the Journal of Clinical Psychiatry, 10(6), 448–452. https://doi.org/10.4088/pcc.v10n0604
Sansone, R. A., & Sansone, L. A. (2010). Measuring self-harm behavior with the Self-Harm Inventory. Psychiatry, 7(4), 16–19.
Sansone, R. A., & Wiederman, M. W. (1998). The Self-Harm Inventory (SHI): Development of a scale for identifying self-destructive behaviors.and borderline personality disorder. Journal of Clinical Psychology, 54(7), 973–983.
Sansone, R. A., & Wiederman, M. W. (2015). The self-harm inventory: A meta-analysis of its relationship to the personality diagnostic questionnaire-4 as a measure of borderline personality disorder. International Journal of Psychiatry in Clinical Practice, 19(4), 290–293.
Sellbom, M., Sansone, R. A., & Songer, D. A. (2017). Elucidating the association between the self-harm inventory and several borderline personality measures in an inpatient psychiatric sample. International Journal of Psychiatry in Clinical Practice, 21(3), 231-235. doi:10.1080/13651501.2017.1306628
We have reviewed more than 500 instruments for use with a number of diagnoses including stroke, spinal cord injury and traumatic brain injury among several others.