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  2. Outcomes Expectation for Exercise Scale, Outcomes Expectation for Exercise-2, Multidimensional Outcome Expectations for Exercise Scale

Outcomes Expectation for Exercise Scale, Outcomes Expectation for Exercise-2, Multidimensional Outcome Expectations for Exercise Scale

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Purpose

The Outcomes Expectation for Exercise Scale was developed to assess the outlook of older adults on the benefits of exercise. 

The Outcomes Expectation for Exercise Scale – 2 is a revision of the original OEE. While continuing to assess the outlook of older adults on the benefits of exercise, the OEE-2 added 4 items to also assess the negative expectations of exercise. 

The Multidimensional Outcome Expectations for Exercise Scale further developed the original OEE with the addition of 3 subscales to look at the Physical, Self-evaluative, and Social benefits of exercise.

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instrument details

Acronym OEE, OEE-2, MOEES

Assessment Type

Patient Reported Outcomes

Administration Mode

Paper & Pencil

Cost

Free

Diagnosis/Conditions

  • Multiple Sclerosis

Populations

Older Adults and Geriatric Care
Multiple Sclerosis

Key Descriptions

  • Outcomes Expectation for Exercise Scale (OEE):
    1) 9 statements on the benefits of exercise for older adults
    2) Self-report survey
    3) Statements are rated 1 (strongly disagree) to 5 (strongly agree)
    4) Item scores are summed and divided by the number of responses
    5) Lower score indicates lower expectation for outcome of exercise
    6) Higher score indicates higher expectation for outcome of exercise
  • Outcomes Expectation for Exercise Scale – 2 (OEE-2):
    1) 13 statements in 2 subcategories: positive outcome expectations – 9 items and negative outcome expectations – 4 items
    2) Self-report survey
    3) Statements are rated 1 (strongly disagree) to 5 (strongly agree)
    4) Item scores are summed and divided by the number of responses
    5) Lower score indicates lower expectation for outcome of exercise
    6) Higher score indicates higher expectation for outcome of exercise
  • Multidimensional Outcome Expectations for Exercise Scale (MOEES):
    1) 15 statements in 3 subcategories: physical - 6 items, self-evaluation - 5 items, social - 4 items; self-report survey
    2) Statements are rated 1 (strongly disagree) to 5 (strongly agree)
    3) Item scores are summed
    4) Lower score indicates lower expectation for outcome of exercise
    5) Higher score indicates higher expectation for outcome of exercise

Number of Items

OEE: 9
OEE-2: 13
MOEES: 15

Equipment Required

  • Survey instrument and writing instrument

Time to Administer

10 minutes

Required Training

No Training

Age Ranges

Elderly Adult

65 +

years

Instrument Reviewers

Initially reviewed by Heather henderson PT, DPT, NCS in November 2013

ICF Domain

Activity

Professional Association Recommendation

  • There are 3 versions, each with a slightly different focus
  • All 3 versions of the OEE are better suited for older adults
  • They are equally effective for residential living and community dwelling older adults
  • All 3 versions of the OEE are a quick way to determine patient’s expected outcome from exercise and likely participation in Physical Therapy intervention.
  • Additional versions provide additional information and should be considered depending on the information you are seeking.
  • Reliability has not been well established for any of the 3 versions of the OEE.

Do you see an error or have a suggestion for this instrument summary? Please e-mail us!

Considerations

The OEE is available as a table in Resnick et al. (2000) and in the appendix of Resnick et al. (2004). The OEE-2 is available as a table in Resnick et al (2005) The MOEES is available as a table in Hall et al (2012) and in McAuley et al (2010).

Older Adults and Geriatric Care

back to Populations

Normative Data

Outcomes Expectation for Exercise (OEE) 

Older adults:

(Resnick et al, 2000; n = 175; mean age = 85(5.7); older adults living in a continuing care retirement community)

  • Mean (SD) OEE; 3.4(0.82), range = 1-5

 

Minority older adults:

(Resnick et al, 2004; n = 166; mean age = 72.8(8.4), minority community dwelling older adults)

  • Mean (SD) Outcome Expectation for Exercise = 4.1 (0.6), range = 1-5

Outcomes Expectation for Exercise - 2 (OEE-2)

 

Older adults:

(Resnick et al, 2005; n = 161; mean age = 88.6(5.9), older adults living in a continuing care retirement community) 

  • Mean (SD) OEE-2: Positive OEE-2 = 3.1(0.75) and negative OEE-2 = 3.8(0.80)

 

Multidimensional Outcomes Expectation for Exercise Scale

Older adults:

(Wojcicki et al, 2009; n = 320; mean age = 63.8(9.6), community dwelling older adults)

  • Mean (SD) MOEES
    • Physical, 26.38 (2.90)
    • Social; 12.70 (2.71) 
    • Self-evaluative; 21.30 (2.59) 

 

(Hall et al, 2012; n = 108; mean age = 85.4 (6.5), older adults living in a continuing care retirement community)

  • Mean (SD) Multidimensional Outcome Expectation for Exercise
    • Physical, 20.5 (2.8)
    • Social, 10.6 (2.0)
    • Self-evaluative, 15.8 (2.4)

Internal Consistency

Outcomes Expectation for Exercise

Minority older adults:

(Resnick et al, 2004)

  • Adequate to excellent internal consistency (alpha coefficient = 0.72 to 0.88)

 

Older adults:

(Resnick et al, 2000)

  • Excellent internal consistency (Cronbach’s alpha = 0.87 to 0.89)

 

(Resnick et al, 2005)

  • Excellent internal consistency: Positive OEE alpha coefficient = 0.93 and negative OEE alpha coefficient = 0.80

 

Multidimensional Outcomes Expectation for Exercise

Older adults:

(Wojcicki et al, 2009)

  • Excellent internal consistency
    • Physical, Cronbach’s alpha = 0.82 
    • Self-evaluative, Cronbach’s alpha = 0.84
    • Social, Cronbach’s alpha = 0.81

 

(Hall et al, 2012)

  • Adequate to excellent internal consistency
    • Physical, Cronbach’s alpha = 0.75
    • Self-evaluative, Cronbach’s alpha = 0.84
    • Social, Cronbach’s alpha = 0.82

Criterion Validity (Predictive/Concurrent)

Outcomes Expectation for Exercise

Minority older adults:

(Resnick et al, 2004)

  • Excellent correlation with the OEE and baseline exercise (0.19 p < 0.05)

 

Older adults:

(Resnick et al 2000) 

  • Excellent correlation with the OEE and exercise behavior (Beta 0.31 p < 0.05)

 

Multidimensional Outcomes Expectation for Exercise

Older adults:

(Hall et al, 2012)

  • Excellent correlation with the physical (r = 0.30, p < 0.01) and self–evaluative (r = 0.21, p < 0.05) and increased activity levels but not social (r = 0.04, p = 0.69)

 

(Wojcicki et al, 2009)

  • Excellent correlation with the physical (r = 0.21, p < 0.001) and self –evaluative and increased activity levels (r = 0.20, p < 0.001) but not social (r = 0.02, p = ns)

Construct Validity

Outcomes Expectation for Exercise

Older adults:

(Resnick et al, 2000) 

  • Excellent correlation with the OEE and exercise behavior (Beta 0.31 p < 0.05) 

 

Minority older adults:

(Resnick et al, 2004)

  • Excellent correlation with the OEE and baseline exercise (0.19 p < 0.05)

 

Multidimensional Outcomes Expectation for Exercise 

Older adults: 

(Wojcicki et al, 2009)

  • Excellent correlation with the physical (r = 0.21, p < 0.001) and self –evaluative and increased activity levels (r = 0.20, p < 0.001) but not social (r = 0.02, p = ns)

 

(Hall et al, 2012)

  • Excellent correlation with the physical (r = 0.30, p < 0.01) and self–evaluative (r = 0.21, p < 0.05) and increased activity levels but not social (r = 0.04,  p = 0.69)

Content Validity

Outcomes Expectation for Exercise Scale

(Resnick et al, 2000 and Resnick et al, 2004)

  • Items selected were based on previous instruments and studies
  • Items were written using older adults own words about exercise 
  • Items were reviewed by 4 researchers and revised
  • Items were sent to 4 additional experts in the field and asked to rank as 1 = not relevant to 4 = very relevant
  • Resulting 9 items were all ranked as relevant or very relevant

 

Outcomes Expectation for Exercise Scale – 2

(Resnick et al, 2005)

  • Developed from the original OEE to establish a more comprehensive scale
  • Based on a qualitative study 4 additional items to reflect the negative effects of exercise were added 

 

Multidimensional Outcome Expectations for Exercise Scale

(Wojcicki et al, 2009)

  • Developed from other outcome expectations scales
  • 135 items were considered and redundancy was eliminated
  • Three researchers reached 100% agreement on 31 items and 3 categories

Multiple Sclerosis

back to Populations

Normative Data

Multidimensional Outcomes Expectation for Exercise Scale

Multiple sclerosis: 

(McAuley et al, 2010; n = 242; mean age = 48.67(10.14); Ttme since diagnosis 10.54 years (7.79))

  • Mean (SD) Multidimensional Outcome Expectation for Exercise
    • Physical, 26.2 (2.7)
    • Social, 13.0 (2.7)
    • Self-evaluative, 21.1 (2.7)

Internal Consistency

Multidimensional Outcomes Expectation for Exercise

Multiple sclerosis:

(McAuley et al, 2010)

  • Adequate to excellent internal consistency
    • Physical, Cronbach’s alpha = 0.76
    • Self-evaluative, Cronbach’s alpha = 0.83
    • Social, Cronbach’s alpha = 0.77

 

Criterion Validity (Predictive/Concurrent)

Multidimensional Outcomes Expectation for Exercise 

Multiple sclerosis:

(McAuley et al, 2010) 

  • Excellent correlation with the physical (r = 0.17, p = 0.008), self–evaluative (r = 0.19, p = 0.004) and social with increased activity levels (r = 0.20, p = 0.002)

Construct Validity

Outcomes Expectation for Exercise

Multiple sclerosis:

(McAuley et al, 2010) 

  • Excellent correlation with the physical (r = 0.17, p = 0.008), self–evaluative (r = 0.19, p = 0.004) and social with increased activity levels (r = 0.20, p = 0.002)

Bibliography

Hall, K. S., Wojcicki, T. R., et al. (2012). "Validity of the multidimensional outcome expectations for exercise scale in continuing-care retirement communities." J Aging Phys Act 20(4): 456-468. Find it on PubMed

McAuley, E., Motl, R. W., et al. (2010). "Validation of the multidimensional outcome expectations for exercise scale in ambulatory, symptom-free persons with multiple sclerosis." Arch Phys Med Rehabil 91(1): 100-105. Find it on PubMed

Resnick, B. (2001). "Testing a model of exercise behavior in older adults." Res Nurs Health 24(2): 83-92. Find it on PubMed

Resnick, B. (2005). "Reliability and validity of the Outcome Expectations for Exercise Scale-2." J Aging Phys Act 13(4): 382-394. Find it on PubMed

Resnick, B., Luisi, D., et al. (2004). "Reliability and validity of the self-efficacy for exercise and outcome expectations for exercise scales with minority older adults." J Nurs Meas 12(3): 235-247. Find it on PubMed

Resnick, B., Zimmerman, S. I., et al. (2000). "Outcome expectations for exercise scale: utility and psychometrics." J Gerontol B Psychol Sci Soc Sci 55(6): S352-356. Find it on PubMed

Wojcicki, T. R., White, S. M., et al. (2009). "Assessing outcome expectations in older adults: the multidimensional outcome expectations for exercise scale." J Gerontol B Psychol Sci Soc Sci 64(1): 33-40. Find it on PubMed

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