Manual Ability Measure

Rheumatoid Arthritis/Osteoarthritis: (Chen and Giustino, 2007; n=14; 12 female/2 male; mean age =70(12.1))

• Rasch analysis performed to identify test psychometrics for fit statistics, reliability and item hierarchy. Fit statistics of 35 out of 36 items was ≤2.0 with the exception of carrying a shopping bag with a hand loop with an Infit Mean Square of 2.15. Item reliability was 0.85.
• Hierarchical ordering of items by difficulty confirmed clinical expectations. Person reliability was 0.92 indicating the ability to discriminate 4-5 levels of participants.

Concurrent Validity:

Arthritis: (Chen and Giustino, 2007)

• Excellent concurrent validity  Role Physical  domain of Short-Form Health Survey (SF-36 Version 1) (r=0.76)

Rheumatoid Arthritis: (Tsai, et al, 2017; n=42,  21 healthy  participants and  21 patients with rheumatoid arthritis of the thumb)

• Adequate correlation of MAM-36 total score and workspace capacity (thumb’s movement capability) (r=0.572)

Charcot-Marie-Tooth(CMT) Disease:  (Poole et al, 2015; n = 14; mean age = 61.7(17.4 )years; mean duration of CMT=19.6(14.7); CMT Type 1, n=7, Type 2, n=2, and unknown, n=5)

• Excellent test-retest reliability (ICC = 0.96)

Concurrent Validity:

Charcot-Marie-Tooth Disease (Poole et al, 2015)

• Excellent concurrent validity  with left grip strength, right Box and Blocks Test, and grasp pattern ( r= 0.60, 0.64, -0.62  respectively)

• Adequate concurrent validity with right grip strength, right and left two-point strength, right and left lateral pinch strength,  right  Nine-hole pinch strength, left Box and Blocks Test, and two-point discrimination (r= 0.48, 0.48,0.50,0.41,0.54,-0.56, 0.56,0.42 respectively).

Hand Impairment(Chen et al., 2005); n=115 patients with hand impairments, 66 male/49 female; Age <25 years=7, 26–35 years= 18 , 36–50 years= 54, 51–60 years= 25 and greater than 61=11; Diagnoses: n=25 carpal tunnel syndrome, n=11 arthritis, n=45 traumatic injuries, n=19 tenosynovitis, n=15 other )

• Rasch analysis was performed to identify test psychometrics for fit statistics, reliability and item hierarchy. Fit statistics of all items was ≤1.4. Item reliability was 0.98.

• Hierarchical ordering of items by difficulty confirmed clinical expectations. Person reliability was 0.83 indicating the ability to discriminate 3 levels of participants.

Neurological and Musculoskeletal Disorders: (Chen et al, 2010)

• Excellent person-separation reliability 0.93(PSI=3.74) and item separation reliability 0.99 (ISI=11.08)

• Point measure correlation for 20 items were ≥0.6 indicating excellent item discrimination and 16 items with point measure correlations ≥ 0.4 indicating  adequate item discrimination

Concurrent Validity:

Upper Extremity Conditions: (Chen et al, 2014; n=46; measured at intake and discharge time with interval varying from 2-37 weeks.)

• Excellent concurrent validity of gains in MAM measure with grip strength of affected hand (r=0.69)

• Excellent concurrent validity of gains in MAM measure  with MAM score at intake (r=-0.81) and MAM score at discharge (r=0.73)

Convergent Validity:

Hand Impairment:  (Chen et al, 2005)

• Adequate  correlations of the MAM-16 with LIFEware Musculoskeletal form with body movement control(r=.47), physical function(r=.51), absence of pain(r=.45), difficulty with driving (r=.49) and distress (r=.33)

• Adequate  correlation between MAM-16 and perceived health status from the Medical Outcome Study Short-Form 12 item Health Survey (SF-12 ).(r=.44, P<.01)

Hand Impairment:  (Rallon & Chen, 2008, n=30, 20 women/10 men;  mean age =56.07(11.87) years;  diagnosis of most participants fell under orthopedic category of the hand, some had a diagnosis that involved other parts of arm, brachial plexopathy, Charcot Marie Tooth Disease, diabetic neuropathy, reflex sympathetic dystrophy, hand infection stroke, spinal cord injury, and arthritis) 

• Adequate  correlations of the MAM-36 and the Upper Extremity Performance Test for the Elderly (TEMPA)’s Functional Rating of the Right Hand and Left Hand (both r=.38).

• Excellent  correlations of the MAM-36 and the Upper Extremity Performance Test for the Elderly (TEMPA)’s Functional Rating of Bilateral Function( r=.68) and Combined Function (r=0.79)

Discriminant Validity:

Neurological and Musculoskeletal Disorders: (Chen et al, 2010)

• DIF analysis identified 14 items of which seven items with negative DIF contrasts were easier with patients with musculoskeletal conditions. The remaining seven positive DIF contrasts were easier for patients with musculoskeletal conditions.

Upper Extremity Conditions: (Chen et al, 2014; n=46, 32 female/14 male; MAM measures at intake and discharge which varied from 2-37 weeks.)

• Moderately responsive Standard Response Measure (SRM) was 1.18

Multiple Sclerosis:  (Chen et al, 2007; n=44, 32 women/12 men; mean age= 49(9) years)

• Person reliability was 0.94 indicating the ability to discriminate levels of participants.

• The 5 most difficult items cutting nails (hardest), using a hammer, peeling fruits or vegetables, buttoning clothes, shuffling and dealing cards. The 5 easiest items eating a sandwich (easiest), washing hands, using a remote control, drinking from a glass and brushing teeth.

Convergent Validity:

Multiple Sclerosis:  (Chen et al, 2007, n=44, mean age =49(9) years)

• Adequate  correlations of the MAM-36  manual ability with right and left grip strength; right and left tip pinch, right lateral pinch; right and left 3-point pinch

• Adequate correlation of the MAM-36 and the Kurtzke Expanded Disability Status Scale (EDSS) (ρ=-0.42)