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  2. Life Satisfaction Index – Z

Life Satisfaction Index – Z

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Purpose

Life Satisfaction Index – Z is a 13-item subjective measure developed to assess well-being in the elderly population.

Link to Instrument

Instrument Details

Acronym LSI-Z

Area of Assessment

General Health
Patient Satisfaction
Quality of Life

Assessment Type

Patient Reported Outcomes

Administration Mode

Paper & Pencil

Cost

Free

Actual Cost

$0.00

Populations

Older Adults and Geriatric Care

Key Descriptions

  • 13 item instrument, score ranges from 0 to 26 with two points given for each positive response, 0 for each negative response, and 1 for each don’t know response

Number of Items

13

Equipment Required

  • Questionnaire

Time to Administer

5 minutes

Required Training

No Training

Age Ranges

Elderly Adult

65 +

years

Instrument Reviewers

Muna Bhattarai, MA, MNS, University of Wisconsin-Madison

Mirang Park, MS, University of Wisconsin-Madison

Susan Miller Smedema, Ph.D., CRC, LPC, University of Wisconsin-Madison

ICF Domain

Participation

Measurement Domain

General Health
Emotion

Professional Association Recommendation

 

Considerations

  • There is limited data on psychometric properties for this instrument. Further research is needed to establish adequate validity and reliability of the instrument among different elderly populations.
  • Reported validity for women living in rural areas is substantially low (r = .42); therefore, the scale should be utilized cautiously with older rural women.
  • Even though the tool was developed for the elderly population, age has not been specified and it has also been used in middle aged adults.

Older Adults and Geriatric Care

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Standard Error of Measurement (SEM)

Elderly population: (Baiyewu & Jegede, 1992; n = 945; mean satisfaction with life score = 18.26 (5.12), Nigerian Sample)

  • SEM for entire group (n = 945):  2.70

Calculated from standard deviation (Baiyewu & Jegede, 1992)

Minimal Detectable Change (MDC)

Elderly population: (Baiyewu & Jegede, 1992; n = 945; mean satisfaction with life score = 18.26 (5.12))

  • MDC for entire group (n = 945): 7.51

Calculated from standard deviation (Baiyewu & Jegede, 1992)

Normative Data

Older Adults: Stock, 1982, n=325, age = 73 (8.2)

  • Mean score  46.84 (5.95)

Older Adults: Morgan, 1987, n=986)

  • Age 65-74 Mean score: 17.1 (5.6)
  • Age 75+ Mean score: 13.0 (2.8)

Elderly population (Nigeria): (Baiyewu & Jegede, 1992; n = 945)

  • Overall mean: 18.26 with variance 26.22.
  • Mean for ages 60-74 years: 18.04± 5.25
  • Mean score (SD) for those aged 75 years and over:18.15 ±5.01
  • Mean score (SD) for men: 17.48(±5.58)
  • Mean for women: 18.43( ± 4.87)

Internal Consistency

Elderly population: (Wood et al., 1969; n = 100)

  • Adequate: Kuder-Richardson 20 reliability of 0.79

Older Adults: Stock, 1982, n=325, age = 73 (8.2)

  • Excellent: Kuder-Richardson 20 reliability of 0.80.

Older Adults: Morgan, 1987, n=986)

  • Adequate α=0.74

Elderly population (Nigeria): (Baiyewu & Jegede, 1992; n = 945)

  • Adequate: Alpha Coefficient was 0.72

Elderly (Iran): (Tagharrobi et al., 2011; n = 75)

  • Adequate: Cronbach alpha ranged from 0.78 to 0.79.

Elderly with frailty and depression: (Abraham, 1992; n = 76)

  • Poor: Kuder-Richardson 20 coefficient ranged from 0.11-0.60 with mean 0.42 (SD = .11) (18 administrations)

Construct Validity

Elderly population: (Wood et al., 1969; n = 100)

  • Adequate: Convergent validity as shown by correlation coefficient between LSI-Z and Life Satisfaction Rating (r = 0.57).

Older Adults: Stock, 1982, n=325, age = 73 (8.2)

  • Poor correlation with Positive Affect scale (0.33)
  • Poor correlation with Negative Affect scale (-0.39)
  • Adequate correlation with Quality of life item (.46)
  • Adequate correlation with Life satisfaction item (.46)
  • Adequate correlation with Mental well-being item (.46)
  • Poor correlation with Composite drinking index (.03)

Older Adults: Morgan, 1987, n=986)

  • Adequate correlation with social engagement score: ρ=0.49
  • Adequate correlation with Symptoms of Anxiety and Depression score: ρ=0.-49

“LSI-Z scores were significantly different among the 5 known groups (p=0.0001, f=121.66); so, the known-groups approach revealed that this tool is valid” (Tagharrobi et al., 2011)  

*Retrieved from abstract since the original article is in the Persian language.

Women in menopausal ages: (Dennerstein et al., 2002; n = 395)

  • Excellent: Convergent validity as shown by association of LSI-Z with Satisfaction with Life Scale (r = 0.70).

Bibliography

Abraham, I. L. (1992). Longitudinal reliability of the life satisfaction index (short form) with nursing home residents: A cautionary note. Perceptual and Motor skills, 75(2), 665-666.

American Thoracic Society. (1999). Life satisfaction inventory. Retrieved from  https://qol.thoracic.org/sections/instruments/ko/pages/lsia.html

Baiyewu, O. & Jegede, R. O. (1992). Life satisfaction in elderly Nigerians: Reliability and factor composition of the life satisfaction Index Z. Age and Ageing, 21(4), 256-261.

Dennerstein, L., Dudley, E., Guthrie, J., & Barrett-Connor, E. (2000). Life satisfaction, symptoms, and the menopausal transition. Medscape Women's Health, 5(4), E4-E4.

Tagharrobi, Z., Tagharrobi, L., Sharifi, K., Sooki, Z., Nele, S., Ghotbi, N., ... & Khosravi, S. (2011). XML Psychometric evaluation of the Life Satisfaction Index-Z (LSI-Z) in an Iranian elderly sample. Payesh, 11, 5-13.

Wood, V., Wylie, M. L., & Sheafor, B. (1969). An analysis of a short self-report measure of life satisfaction: Correlation with rater judgments. Journal of Gerontology, 24(4), 465-469.

Morgan K, Dallass HM, ArieT, ByneES, Jones R, Waite J. Mental health and psychological well being among the old and very old living at home. Br J Psychiatry 1987;150:801-7.

Stock,  William A. PhD, Morris A. Okun, PhD, The Construct Validity of Life Satisfaction among the Elderly, Journal of Gerontology, Volume 37, Issue 5, September 1982, Pages 625–627, https://doi-org.ezproxy.galter.northwestern.edu/10.1093/geronj/37.5.625

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