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Consortium to Establish a Registry for Alzheimer's Disease

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Purpose

The Consortium to Establish a Registry for Alzheimer’s Disease (CERAD) neuropsychological instrument aims to evaluate the cognitive functioning in individuals with Alzheimer’s disease. This instrument consists of seven assessments: clinical battery, neuropsychology battery, neuropathology battery, neuroimaging battery, behavior rating scale for dementia, family history assessment, and services assessment.

Link to Instrument

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Acronym CERAD

Area of Assessment

Attention & Working Memory
Executive Functioning
Behavior
Cognition
Vision & Perception

Assessment Type

Performance Measure

Administration Mode

Paper & Pencil

Cost

Not Free

Actual Cost

$600.00

Cost Description

Assessments can be purchased individually. Costs vary by assessment type:
• Clinical/Neuropsychological: $70
• Neuropsychological Battery: $75
• Behavior Rating Scale for Dementia: $75
• CERAD Neuropathological Guide and Assessment for Alzheimer’s Disease: $90
• The Behavior Rating Scale for Dementia: $25
• Assessment of Service Needs of Patients with Dementia: $25

Populations

Healthy Adults
Alzheimer's Disease and Progressive Dementia
Mixed Populations

Key Descriptions

  • Translations of assessment tools are available in over 20 languages.
  • Administration of tools varies by type.
  • Number of items varies by tools.

Number of Items

There are different batteries in this tool, and each has a different number of items. Some examples of tools/subtests are the following:

Boston’s Naming Test (CERAD Version): 15 items

Word list memory: 10 items

Behavior Rating Scale for Dementia: 46 items

Equipment Required

  • CERAD instruments

Time to Administer

20-30 minutes

20-30 minutes for participants with Alzheimer's disease, less time for participants without Alzheimer's disease

Required Training

Reading an Article/Manual

Required Training Description

Participating clinics were required to review the instruction manuals and watch video tapes demonstrating the standard method for administering the clinical and neuropsychological batteries. Additionally, physicians and neuropsychologists at centers had a recording of their own administration of tests which were reviewed and certified by the appropriate CERAD task force members.

Age Ranges

Adults

50 - 64

years

Elderly adults

65 +

years

Instrument Reviewers

Yazmin Castruita-Rios

Body Part

Head

ICF Domain

Body Function

Measurement Domain

Cognition

Considerations

Subtest scores of the neuropsychological battery are differentially affected by age, education, and gender.

Alzheimer's Disease and Progressive Dementia

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Internal Consistency

Patients with dementia: (Lee et al., 2002; N = 106; 80.6% female; mean (SD) age = 68.4 (4.6) years; Korean sample)

  • Excellent internal consistency for the Blessed Dementia Scale (Cronbach’s alpha = 0.93)
  • Excellent internal consistency for the Short Blessed Test (Cronbach’s alpha = 0.88)
  • Excellent internal consistency for the Mini-Mental State Examination (Cronbach’s alpha = 0.92)

Construct Validity

Patients with dementia: (Lee et al., 2002)

  • A factor analysis demonstrated near-equivalence between English and Korean CERAD versions, demonstrating good construct validity.

Healthy Adults

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Interrater/Intrarater Reliability

Healthy adults: (Liu et al., 2011; N = 187; 55% female; mean (SD) age of males = 76.18 (6.71) years; mean (SD) age of females = 77.22 (7.59) years; Cantonese-speaking sample)

  • Excellent interrater reliability (ICC = 0.857-0.994)

Mixed Populations

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Test/Retest Reliability

Test-retest sample: (Lee et al., 2002; N = 20; 50% dementia patients, 50% healthy control)

  • Excellent test-retest reliability for the Short Blessed Test (r = 0.975)
  • Adequate test-retest reliability for Verbal Fluency (r = 0.704)
  • Adequate test-retest reliability for the Boston Naming Test (r = 0.879)
  • Poor test-retest reliability for the Mini-Mental State (r = 0.578)
  • Poor test-retest reliability for Word List Memory (r = 0.652)
  • Poor test-retest reliability for Constructional Praxis (r = 0.544)
  • Poor test-retest reliability for Word List Recall (r = 0.653)
  • Adequate test-retest reliability for Word List Recognition (r = 0.741)
  • Poor test-retest reliability for Constructional Praxis Recall (r = 0.612)

Interrater/Intrarater Reliability

Interrater reliability sample: (Lee et al., 2002; N = 21; 67% dementia patients, 33% healthy control)

  • Excellent interrater reliability for the Constructional Praxis scale (ICC = 0.97)
  • Excellent interrater reliability for the Short Blessed Test (ICC = 0.97)
  • Excellent interrater reliability for the Word List Memory test (ICC = 1.00)
  • Excellent interrater reliability for the Word List Recall test (ICC = 1.00)
  • Excellent interrater reliability for the Word List Recognition test (ICC = 1.00)

Bibliography

Davidson, M., Harvey, P., Welsh, K. A., Powchik, P., Putnam, K. M., & Mohs, R. C. (1996). Cognitive functioning in late-life schizophrenia: a comparison of elderly schizophrenic patients and patients with Alzheimer's disease. American Journal of Psychiatry, 153(10), 1274-1279.

Fillenbaum, G. G., van Belle, G., Morris, J. C., Mohs, R. C., Mirra, S. S., Davis, P. C., ... & Heyman, A. (2008). Consortium to Establish a Registry for Alzheimer’s Disease (CERAD): the first twenty years. Alzheimer's & Dementia, 4(2), 96-109. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jalz.2007.08.005 

Lee, J. H., Lee, K. U., Lee, D. Y., Kim, K. W., Jhoo, J. H., Kim, J. H., ... & Woo, J. I. (2002). Development of the Korean Version of the Consortium to Establish a Registry for Alzheimer's Disease Assessment Packet (CERAD-K) clinical and neuropsychological assessment batteries. The Journals of Gerontology Series B: Psychological Sciences and Social Sciences, 57(1), P47-P53. https://doi.org/10.1093/geronb/57.1.P47

Liu, K. P., Kuo, M. C., Tang, K. C., Chau, A. W., Ho, I. H., Kwok, M. P., ... & Chu, L. W. (2011). Effects of age, education and gender in the Consortium to Establish a Registry for the Alzheimer's Disease (CERAD)-Neuropsychological Assessment Battery for Cantonese-speaking Chinese elders. International Psychogeriatrics, 23(10), 1575-1581.  https://doi.org/10.1017/S1041610211001153

Morris, J. C., Mohs, R. C., Rogers, H., Fillenbaum, G., & Heyman, A. (1988). Consortium to Establish a Registry for Alzheimer’s Disease (CERAD) clinical and neuropsychological assessment of Alzheimer’s dis-ease. Psychopharmacology Bulletin, 24(4), 641–652.

Vandermorris S., Strauss E., Sherman E.M.S. (2018) Consortium to Establish a Registry on Alzheimer’s Disease. In: Kreutzer J., DeLuca J., Caplan B. (eds) Encyclopedia of Clinical Neuropsychology. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-56782-2_534-2

Welsh-Bohmer, K. A., & Mohs, R. C. (1997). Neuropsychological assessment of Alzheimer's disease. Neurology, 49(3 Suppl 3), S11-S13. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1212/WNL.49.3_Suppl_3.S11

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