The Classification for Chronic Pain in Spinal Cord Injury (SCI) classifies pain after SCI as either neurologic or musculoskeletal pain and further into one of six subcategories.
This pain classification is a system for classifying type of pain rather than a true outcome measure that can measure change in pain over time.
6
5-15 minutes
Initially reviewed by Rachel Tappan, PT, NCS and the SCI EDGE task force of the Neurology Section of the APTA in 3/2012.
Recommendations for use of the instrument from the Neurology Section of the American Physical Therapy Association’s Multiple Sclerosis Taskforce (MSEDGE), Parkinson’s Taskforce (PD EDGE), Spinal Cord Injury Taskforce (PD EDGE), Stroke Taskforce (StrokEDGE), Traumatic Brain Injury Taskforce (TBI EDGE), and Vestibular Taskforce (Vestibular EDGE) are listed below. These recommendations were developed by a panel of research and clinical experts using a modified Delphi process.
For detailed information about how recommendations were made, please visit: http://www.neuropt.org/go/healthcare-professionals/neurology-section-outcome-measures-recommendations
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Abbreviations: |
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HR |
Highly Recommend |
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R |
Recommend |
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LS / UR |
Reasonable to use, but limited study in target group / Unable to Recommend |
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NR |
Not Recommended |
Recommendations for use based on acuity level of the patient:
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Acute (CVA < 2 months post) (SCI < 1 month post) (Vestibular < 6 months post) |
Subacute (CVA 2 to 6 months) (SCI 3 to 6 months) |
Chronic (> 6 months) |
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SCI EDGE |
NR |
NR |
NR |
Recommendations based on SCI AIS Classification:
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AIS A/B |
AIS C/D |
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SCI EDGE |
NR |
NR |
Recommendations for entry-level physical therapy education and use in research:
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Students should learn to administer this tool? (Y/N) |
Students should be exposed to tool? (Y/N) |
Appropriate for use in intervention research studies? (Y/N) |
Is additional research warranted for this tool (Y/N) |
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SCI EDGE |
No |
No |
No |
Not reported |
The Classification for Chronic Pain in SCI/Cardenas Pain Classification is one of many systems that have been developed to classify pain in people with spinal cord injury. A group of experts met in 2009 and developed a new pain classification system for people with spinal cord injury (the ISCIP classification), which incorporates elements of the many pre-existing classification systems. Consider using the ISCIP classification system rather than the Classification for Chronic Pain in SCI/Cardenas Pain Classification for consistency of pain classification across settings.
Do you see an error or have a suggestion for this instrument summary? Please e-mail us!
Chronic SCI:
(Cardenas et al, 2002; n = 163; mean time post-SCI = 8.3 (8.9) years)
Interrater reliability tested on subset of subjects, n = 56
SCI:
(Bryce et al, 2007; n = 59 participants in a course on outcome measures at a meeting of American Spinal Injury Association and the International Spinal Cord Society)
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Voting on Pain Classification Validity/Usefulness: |
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Instrument |
Valid and useful % (N) |
Useful but requires more validation % (N) |
Useful but requires changes/improvement then further validation % (N) |
Not useful or valid for research in SCI % (N) |
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Cardenas |
4 (2) |
20 (11) |
52 (29) |
25 (14) |
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BRPT |
14 (8) |
42 (25) |
36 (21) |
8 (5) |
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IASP |
19 (11) |
47 (28) |
31 (18) |
3 (2) |
BRPT: Bryce Ragnarsson Pain Taxonomy
IASP: International Association for the Study of Pain Scale
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Bryce, T. N., Budh, C. N., et al. (2007). "Pain after spinal cord injury: an evidence-based review for clinical practice and research: Report of the National Institute on Disability and Rehabilitation Research Spinal Cord Injury Measures meeting." The journal of spinal cord medicine 30(5): 421. Find it on PubMed Cardenas, D. D. and Felix, E. R. (2009). "Pain after spinal cord injury: a review of classification, treatment approaches, and treatment assessment." PM R 1(12): 1077-1090. Find it on PubMed Cardenas, D. D., Turner, J. A., et al. (2002). "Classification of chronic pain associated with spinal cord injuries." Archives of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation 83(12): 1708-1714. Find it on PubMed |
We have reviewed more than 500 instruments for use with a number of diagnoses including stroke, spinal cord injury and traumatic brain injury among several others.