Behavior And Symptom Identification Scale

Inpatient Settings: (Eisen, Ranganathan, Seal, & Spiro, 2007; n = 1,397, majority age range 25-44 years, primary diagnoses: schizophrenia/schizoaffective disorder (25.1%), depression (25.4%) and alcohol/drug abuse disorder (26.9%))

• SEM for entire Mental Health Program (n = 1,164): 70.3 change

• SEM for entire Substance Abuse Program (n = 233): 76.8 change

Outpatient Settings: (Eisen et al., 2007; n = 850; majority age range 25-44 years, primary diagnoses: depression (32.6%) and alcohol/drug abuse disorder (28.2%))

• SEM for entire Mental Health Program (n = 593): 52.6 change

• SEM for entire Substance Abuse Program (n = 257): 48.3 change

Inpatient and Outpatient Mental Health: (Cameron et al., 2007; n = 588, age range = 18-65 years, Scottish sample, primary diagnoses: depression (45%) and schizophrenia/schizoaffective disorder (28%))

• MDC = .12 and a mean difference of .18 between groups

• 90% power at 5% significance level to assess the scale’s responsiveness to change

Inpatient Mental Health: (Eisen et al., 2007)

• Clinically meaningful improvement on subscales and overall scores ranged from 8–54% based on RCI, 29–73% based on ES, and 33–75% based on SEM

Outpatient Mental Health: (Eisen et al., 2007)

• Clinically meaningful improvement on subscales and overall scores ranged from <1–24% for RCI, 13–43% for ES, and 13–53% for SEM (Eisen et al., 2007)

Inpatient and Outpatient Mental Health: (Tarescavage & Porath-Ben, 2014; systematic review)

• 5-point scale; algorithm computes overall and domain scores

  • 0 = less frequent symptoms/difficulty

  • 4 = more frequent symptoms/difficulty

  • Six domain subscales: Depression and Functioning, Relationships, Self-Harm, Emotional Lability, Psychosis and Substance Abuse

Inpatient Mental Health: (Cameron et al., 2007)

• A percentile table was constructed based on mean scores for the inpatient population and the general population. Percentiles range from 1 to >99, with corresponding scores for each population listed for comparison. The lower the score and the lower the percentile, the better the score is, which is counterintuitive. An excerpt of Table IV is listed below:

Inpatient and Outpatient Mental Health: (Tarescavage & Porath-Ben, 2014; systematic review)

• BASIS-24 lacks normative information in the standard scoring protocol

Inpatient Mental Health: (Eisen, Normand, Belanger, Spiro, & Esch, 2004; n = 2656, all patients above 18 years old; all patients admitted for mental health or substance abuse treatment during data collection period, primary diagnoses: alcohol/drug abuse disorder (26.9%), depression (25.6) and schizophrenia/schizoaffective disorder (23.3%))

• Excellent test-retest reliability (ICC = .81-.96)

Outpatient Mental Health: (Eisen et al., 2004; n = 3222, all patients above 18 years old; all patients admitted for mental health or substance abuse treatment during data collection period, primary diagnoses: depression (31% and alcohol/drug abuse disorder (28.6%))

• Excellent test-retest reliability (ICC = .89-.96)

Inpatient Settings: (Eisen et al., 2004)

• Adequate to Excellent: Cronbach's alpha ranges from 0.75-0.89

Outpatient Settings: (Eisen et al., 2004)

• Adequate to Excellent: Cronbach's alpha ranges from 0.77-0.91

Concurrent Validity:

Inpatient and Outpatient Mental Health: (Eisen et al., 2006)

• Excellent correlations of BASIS-24 summary score with other self-report mental health measures, including MCS, global mental health, and satisfaction with life ranged from r = .59 to .82 (Eisen, 2006; n = 5878, majority age range 25-34 years, White, African-American and Latino representation)

• Poor to adequate correlations with BASIS-24 summary score with SF-PCS ranged from r = .07 to .45 (Eisen et al., 2006)

Inpatient and Outpatient Mental Health: (Cameron et al., 2007)

• Good concurrent criterion validity between BASIS-24 and Brief Symptom Inventory (BSI)

Inpatient Mental Health: (Eisen et al., 2006)

• Poor correlations between BASIS-24 overall scores and GAF ratings ranged from r = .03 to .11 for each ethnicity group

Outpatient Mental Health: (Eisen et al., 2006)

• Poor correlations between BASIS-24 overall scores and GAF ratings ranged from r = .27 to .29 for each ethnicity group

Construct Validity:

Inpatient Mental Health: (Eisen et. al, 2004)

• Poor to excellent correlation between the BASIS-24 and the MCS (r = .15-.77)

• Poor to excellent correlation between the BASIS-24 and global ratings of mental health (r = .12-.75)

• Poor correlation between the BASIS-24 and the PCS (r = .01-.15)

• Poor correlation between BASIS-24 and the comorbidity index (r = .15)

Outpatient Mental Health: (Eisen et. al, 2004)

• Poor to excellent correlation between the BASIS-24 and the MCS (r = .15-.77)

• Poor to excellent correlation between the BASIS-24 and global ratings of mental health (r = .12-.75)

• Poor correlation between the BASIS-24 and the PCS (r = .06-.28)

• Moderate correlation between the BASIS-24 and the comorbidity index (r = .27)

• Poor correlation between the BASIS-24 and the GAF (r = -.25)

• “More than 50 measures of general and mental health status, psychiatric symptoms, substance abuse, social/community functioning, and quality of life were reviewed to identify the optimal range of question stems, response options, wording, and content. Feedback was obtained from 75 researchers, administrators, clinicians, and consumers about the length of the instrument, items that seemed confusing or difficult to answer, the appropriateness of response options, time frame, domains covered, and sensitivity to different racial and cultural groups” (Eisen et al., 2004, p. 1231).

• Readability analysis conducted

• Created items were clear, concise, and simply written

Inpatient Settings: (Eisen et al., 2004)

• Adequate floor effects of 5% occurred and adequate ceiling effects found

Outpatient Settings: (Eisen et al., 2004)

• Adequate floor effects of 5% occurred and adequate ceiling effects of 7% found in the depression and functioning domain

Inpatient Setting (Eisen et al., 2007)

• Inpatient mental health effect size = 0.92

• Inpatient substance abuse effect size = 1.1

Outpatient Setting (Eisen et al., 2007)

• Outpatient mental health effect size = 0.44

• Outpatient substance abuse effect size = 0.33

Scores were assessed at two time points, 3 months apart. Paired t-tests on the samples indicated significant change from the first-time point to the second time point. Effect size for change of the BASIS-24 was 0.56. Compared to the BSI (effect size = 0.48), BASIS-24 is slightly more responsive to change. (Cameron et al., 2007)