The purpose of the UQYBT is to provide an assessment of UE mobility and stability.
3
6-30 minutes
Adolescent
13 - 17
yearsAdult
18 - 64
yearsInitially reviewed by Sara Regan, SPT; Hannah Jasurda, SPT; Aram Simonian, SPT; Lisa Delmedico, SPT; Taylor Chapman, SPT; Kirstin McCoy, SPT; Madison Haller, SPT; Elizabeth Charney, SPT; Justin Losciale, SPT, CSCS; Evan Vasilauskas, SPT; Rachel Cesario, SPT; Melissa Gunner, SPT; Jeffrey Wimsatt, SPT; Elizabeth Roscoe, SPT; Breanne Mitcham, SPT.
Recommendations for sports professionals in identifying movement limitations and asymmetries in athletes before implementation of training and conditioning programs.
Coaches and sports medicine professionals may consider incorporating the YBT-UQ as part of their pre-program testing to identify movement limitations and asymmetries in athletes and thereby may reduce injury. Recommendation for future studies to determine whether asymmetries and poor performance in upper extremity movement testing are predictive of future injury
Recommendations for use based on acuity level of the patient: N/A
Recommendations based on level of care in which the assessment is taken: N/A
Recommendations based on SCI AIS Classification: N/A
Recommendations based on EDSS Classification: N/A
Recommendations for entry-level physical therapy education and use in research: Research is necessary to establish the responsiveness of the UQYBT to wrist, elbow, and shoulder pathology and to determine which muscles or muscle groups are recruited during performance on the UQYBT.
Patients/subjects may watch the instructional video prior to performing the UQYBT.
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Recreational Fitness Subjects (Gorman, 2010)
Medial direction: SEM= 2.9 cm
Superolateral direction: SEM= 2.3 cm
Inferolateral direction: SEM=2.2 cm
General Population (Westrick, 2012)
Dominant Composite: SEM= 2.5
Non-Dominant Composite: SEM= 2.3
Recreational Fitness Subjects (Gorman, 2010)
General Population (Westrick, 2012)
Recreational Fitness Subjects (Gorman, 2012) Average Upper Quarter Y Balance Test scores, reported as a percentage of limb length (%LL) for all reach directions and the composite.
Medial Direction: Mean= 97.2%, SD 9.6 cm (males)
Medial Direction: Mean= 95.2%, SD 10.6 cm (females)
Superolateral Direction: Mean= 70.9%, SD 9.6 cm (males)
Superolateral Direction: Mean= 70.4%, SD 9.3 cm (females).
Inferolateral Direction: Mean= 84.2%, SD 9.1 cm (males)
Inferolateral Direction: Mean= 82.7%, SD 10.1 cm (females).
Teyhen, 2014 - No Age effect. Total Composite Score of all 3 reach directions reported as percentage of Limb Length (%LL):
89.5 +/-9.6 (males)
84.9+/-9.1 (females)
General Population (Westrick, 2012; n=33, mean ages= 19.5 men and 18.8 women)
Recreational Fitness Subjects (Gorman, 2012)
Excellent: ranged from ICC=0.80 (inferolateral direction)to ICC= 0.99 (superolateral direction)
General Population (Westrick, 2012; n=33, mean ages= 19.5 men and 18.8 women)
Recreational Fitness Subjects (Gorman, 2012)
Inter-rater reliability was excellent(ICC= 1.00 for all tests).
All testing was observed and scored by 2 raters simultaneously who were blinded to each other’s scoring. The raters independently determined whether a successful trial was completed. To reduce bias, the raters recorded the reach distance regardless of whether each rater through the trial was successful.
General Population (Westrick, 2012; n=33, mean ages= 19.5 men and 18.8 women)
Excellent: Intra-rater reliability values ranged from ICC = 0.86 left shoulder IR, to ICC = 0.98 right shoulder flexion.
Recreational Fitness Subjects (Gorman, 2012)
The YBT-UQ evaluates joint mobility and stability simultaneously, by requiring the patient to use balance, proprioception, strength, and greater range of motion. Some limitations causing potential error would be fatigue, practice effect, lack of control for training level, training cycle, nutrition or hydration. The YBT-UQ has shown good reliability with standardized equipment and methods.
General Population (Westrick, 2012; n=33, mean ages= 19.5 men and 18.8 women)
There was a significant convergent relationship observed between the UQYBT and core stability measures (Dominant side LTET; p=0.04, r=.38; non-dominant; p=0.01, r=.45) and UE CKC performance measures (CKCUEST p=0.01, r=0.49 and APFT pushups p=0.02, r=.41).
There was not a significant relationship observed between the UQYBT and measures of trunk rotation, trunk flexor and extensor endurance tests, APFT sit-ups, shoulder AROM, or shoulder isometric strength.
Butler, Robert J., Myers, Heather S., Black, Douglass et al. (2014). Bilateral Differences in Upper Quarter Function of High School Aged Baseball and Softball Players. The International Journal of Sports Physical Therapy, 9(4). 518-524.
Garrigues, G., Gorman, P., Plisky, P., Kiesel, K., Myers, H., Black, D. Queen, R., Butler, R. (2012). Differences on the Upper Quarter Y Balance Test Between High School and College Baseball Players. American College of Sports Medicine.
Gorman, P. P., Butler, R. J., Plisky, P. J., & Kiesel, K. B. (2012). Upper quarter y balance test:reliability and performance comparison between genders in active adults. Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research, 26(11), 3043-3048.
Hazar, Z., Ulug, N., Yuksel, I. (2014). Upper Quarter Y Balance Test score of patients with shoulder impingement syndrome. Orthopaedic Journal of Sports Medicine, 2(3).
Teyhen, Deydre S., Riebel, Mark A., McArthur, Derrick R. et al. (2014). Normative Data and the Influence of Age and Gender on Power, Balance, Flexibility, and Functional Movement in Healthy Service Members. Military Medicine, 179(4), 413-420.
Westrick, R. B., PT, DPT, DSc, OCS, SCS, Miller, J. M., PT, DPT, DSc, OCS, SCS, Carow, S. D., PT, DPT, DSc, OCS, & Gerber, J. P., PT, PhD, SCS, ATC. (2012). Exploration of the Y-balance test for assessment of upper quarter closed kinetic chain performance. The International Journal of Sports Physical Therapy, 7(2), 140-147.
We have reviewed more than 500 instruments for use with a number of diagnoses including stroke, spinal cord injury and traumatic brain injury among several others.